Shatkarma is a set of six purification practices in the Hatha Yoga tradition that aim to cleanse and purify the body and mind.
Shatkarma translates to "six actions" in Sanskrit, and these practices are often done as a preparatory step for deeper yogic practices like pranayama and meditation.
Shatkarma techniques work on the subtle energy channels (nadis) and energy centers (chakras) in the body. By clearing the nadis and balancing the chakras, these techniques help establish a harmonious flow of prana (vital energy) throughout the body. This improved energy flow is believed to be essential for the awakening and activation of higher states of consciousness.
Shatkarma techniques also contribute to the purification of the mind, the cleansing processes help remove mental and emotional impurities, promoting clarity, focus, and inner stillness.
Each of these yoga kriyas is meant for the purification of a specific organ system.
Here are the 6 Shatkarma practices:
- Neti: kriya focus on cleansing of nasal passages using a neti pot
- Dhauti: cleansing of the digestive tract, which can be done through various practices like drinking saltwater or performing specific yoga postures.
- Basti: colon cleansing using a special type of enema, which involves the introduction of warm water or herbal decoctions into the colon.
- Nauli: abdominal massage and strengthening exercise, which involves isolating and moving the abdominal muscles.
- Kapalabhati: a breathing technique that involves forceful exhalations to cleanse the respiratory system and improve circulation.
- Trataka: gazing meditation, which involves fixing the gaze on a single point to improve concentration and focus.
Benefits for physical and mental well-being:
Shatkarma purifies the body. They promote detoxification by removing waste from the digestive system, respiratory system, and other organs.
Improved digestion: Shankhaprakshalana (intestinal cleansing) and other Shatkarma methods can improve digestion by removing toxins and improving gastrointestinal function.
Respiratory health: Neti and Kapalabhati clear the sinuses, nasal passages, and respiratory system. For people with allergies, sinus congestion, or respiratory issues, they can improve breathing and respiratory health.
Enhanced energy flow: Shatkarma balances and improves the body's prana flow. These techniques optimize energy flow by clearing blockages and stimulating vital energy centers like the chakras, improving vitality and well-being.
Mental clarity and focus: Shatkarma reduces mental congestion, improves focus, and clarifies thought. These techniques improve oxygenation and blood circulation, calming the mind and improving concentration.
Strengthened immune system: Shatkarma can boost the immune system by detoxifying and strengthening the body. They can boost immunity by reducing body toxicity and improving health.
Stress relief: Shatkarma calms the mind and nervous system. They reduce stress, anxiety, and mental tension, promoting relaxation and well-being.
Balance of the dosha*: Ayurveda's three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—control body function. Shatkarma can balance these doshas, promoting health and harmony in the body and mind.
Prerequisite for higher practices: Maharishi Gheranda asserts that without the practice of Shatkarma, it is challenging for a yoga seeker to be successful on the path of yoga.
These techniques create a strong foundation by preparing the physical and energetic bodies, which is necessary for advanced yogic practices such as pranayama (breath control), asanas (yoga poses), and meditation.